International Journal of Cancer Management
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Autumn 2008

In this study, we evaluated PTEN mutations in Cowden Disease and Juvenile Polyposis syndrome. PTEN mutations were detected, cancer and other phenotypes associated with each of these mutations were characterized and loss of wild type PTEN allele in the associated tumors was demonstrated. Out of 9 patients included in this study, 8 had Juvenile polyposis and 1 had Cowden syndrome. PTEN gene was evaluated by means of polymerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), Heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) and direct DNA sequencing. According to the results of this research, nucleotide substitutions in PTEN gene were found in 22% (2/9) of patients. The samples were found to be heterozygote for the c.341T>G and c.389G>A mutations. One novel mutation c.341T>G in Iranian patients with Cowden syndrome was found in this study. The study of these rare patients could provide insight into PTEN driven tumorgenesis.

To determine the prevalence of helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection in patients with gastrectomy for Gastric cancer. Samples from 95 (69 males, 26 females) consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for gastric cancer were included in this study. Histologic examination of tumor obtained at the time of surgery yielded the diagnosis and then the specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Giemsa for the assessment of tumor and H.pylori infection. All patients did H.pylori immunologic and urease test. From 95 patients with gastric cancer, 83 patients (87.36%) were positive for H. pylori infection. Histologic type of tumors was intestinal in 61 patients and diffuse in 7 patients. The prevalence of H. pylori was 93.2% in intestinal type carcinoma and 28.5% in diffuse type (P- value=0.0002). No significant difference was found in sex, smoking and staging between H.pylori positive gastric cancer and H.pylori negative cases. this study reconfirmed a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients suffering from gastric cancer and provided that evaluation for H. pylori infection might confer additional benefit in identifying the population that is at greater risk for this tumor.

The mutagenic and immunosuppressory effects of cyclophosphamide (CYP) are still the primary limitation to wider application for treating a variety of human malignancies. On the one hand, CYP treatment predisposes transplant recipients and cancer patients to risk of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, in the other word the, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin found in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, has been shown to play a significant role in development a of multiple Immune system responses and can cause a fatal pathological effect. The present investigation is focused on immunization of mice with the endotoxin LPS prior to CYP treatment, in an attempt to reduce mutagenicity and immunosuppressory effects caused by CYP. The in vivo anti-cytotoxicity and anti-mutagenicity of the inflammatory agents of bacterial Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated by bone marrow chromosomal aberrations assay, differential white blood cells (WBCs) count and respiratory burst enzymatic assays for phagocytosis in mice exposed to CYP. The data presented in this article indicates that, treatment with low dose of bacterial LPS once a week for four weeks at a dose of 0.2 ml of LPS suspension (50 mg/kg mice/week), was non-cytotoxic and un-mutagenic to the animal cells. However, pretreatment with low dose of bacterial LPS significantly increase cellular resistance to the mutagenic and immunosuppressory effects of CYP. In conclusion, this immunization protocol suggests that immunization of mice by LPS prior to CYP treatment may induce a number of adaptive antimutagenic and immune response molecular mechanisms.

Anthocyanins are natural pigments widely spread in nature. Anthocyanin color molecules are a subclass of flavonoids. They are responsible for red, purple, and blue colors of many flowers, fruits and vegetables. Fruits and berries are sample sources of anthocyanins in nature. In many researches, the positive effects of fruits and berries intake on human health have been reported. Anthocyanins are considered to contribute to the healthiness of fruits and berries for their antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the scavenging capacities towards super oxide anion radicals, and nitrite radicals and reducing power of anthocyanins extracted from Blackberry (Morus nigra) as a potential source of natural functional substances for use as dietary antioxidants. For superoxide anion radical assay, the superoxide anion radicals were generated by a pyrogallol auto oxidation system, Nitric oxide radical inhibition was done by using Griess Illosvoy reaction and its reducing power was determined according to the Oyaizu method. At least, all samples showed a potential antioxidant capacity that increased proportionate to the concentration of extracts. In this study, anthocyanin pigment was extracted from Blackberry by soaking and wetting in ethanol (1% acidified).

The aim of this study was to report the main CT scan and MRI findings of gliomas in a group of Iranian patients. The MRI and CT scan of 96 pathologically proven patients of gliomas were retrospectively evaluated in a period of five years in our university affiliated hospital. We included all cases who had both CT scan and MRI in our study. Among our patients, 60 (62.5%) were male and 36 (37.5%) were female. The mean age of our patients was 41.8±19.3 (7-78). The most common location of tumor was in the parietal lobes (54.2%) followed by the temporal lobes (52.1%), and the frontal lobes (39.6%). The most common subtype was glioblastoma multiform in 42 patients (43.8%). Edema, cystic formation, and hemorrhage were more frequently found in MRI in comparison with CT scan, while CT scan showed calcification better than MRI. In contrast to many other studies, the most common site of gliomas in our patients was parietal lobes

The perfect method for breast reconstruction would be safe, reliable, reproducible, applicable to all patients, and would have no donor site morbidity. The ideal reconstructed breast would provide symmetric, permanent, and natural results. There has been development and refinement of autogenous methods of breast reconstruction throughout the literature. The TRAM flap remains the most popular method of autogenous reconstruction. This popularity is due to the relative ease with which the procedure is performed but it has its own drawbacks. Other procedures include: Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap; free flaps (free TRAM flap; free superior gluteal myocutaneous flap); pedicled lattisimus dorsi flap, etc. We have reconstructed the breast in ten patients after mastectomy with a different technique which is cutaneoglandular flap from the contralateral normal breast. It has the advantage of using normal breast tissue for reconstruction in addition to reduction of a possible large breast the patient may have. It is almost without donor site morbidity and there is no need to reposition the patient intraoperatively. It is mostly used when the patient is reluctant to undergo a big operation. This technique can also be used when there are contraindications to other techniques. In this paper, patients are presented who have undergone contralateral cutaneouglandular flap with an inferior pedicle and free nipple graft technique with fairly satisfactory results.

A cystic acoustic neurinoma almost entirely consists of a cystic component and is a well recognized subtype of acoustic schwannoma. We report a case of a 40-year-old male patient who presented with clinical features of a left cerebello-pontine angle mass lesion and CT scan findings mimicking the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. However intraoperative and histopathological findings were suggestive of a large cystic acoustic schwannoma. We have also analyzed the characteristics, clinical symptoms and radiological findings of these tumors. In the presence of a large cystic cerebellopontine angle tumor without a significant hearing loss and no destruction of the internal auditory canal, the possibility of the cystic acoustic neurinoma should be considered.